I am writing the proposal paper and this is my literature review section. my group asked me to revise the paper and I have put their comments inside the file.
I need to improve the paper as much as I can.(make it perfectly)
I wrote everything inside the file
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1-You should improve and rewrite each section and give more examples and explanation in each method. 2-Write the introduction section for your literature review and also conclusion section. 3-Give definition in each method. 4-Give examples from the present in Saudi Arabia if you can. 5-Be objective in your writing.Click here for more on this paper.......
Click here to have a similar A+ quality paper done for you by one of our writers within the set deadline at a discounted.. 6-I am Using APA style Literature review Methods of Education and Teaching in Islam In fact, in early days the purpose of education was to read the Quran. As said by Ibn Khaldoon, a leading scientist in Islam (Subh, 1993, Vol. 1, pp. 356-357, 429): “The Quran is the principle of all religious education,” including writing and reading (Subh, 1993). In Islam, the education of young people has always been of deep interest.Click here for more on this paper.......
Click here to have a similar A+ quality paper done for you by one of our writers within the set deadline at a discounted.. In the medieval and pre medieval periods, teaching was through the conventional methods recitation was the basic learning style and it was dependent on the teacher’s capability and pupil’s ability to learn. Further, memorizing was the most significant feature of an Arab learning method. Indeed, Modern research declares that methods of teaching depend on important criteria, for example, topic, teacher and scholars, place of teaching and age of student. Moreover, Az-Zarnooj (1947), a leading scientist in Islam, is of the view that teaching methods were always different according to these situations. The methods were adapted by the Do these belong together? Comment [A1]: Give us one or two paragraphs for the introduction of the literature review.Click here for more on this paper.......
Click here to have a similar A+ quality paper done for you by one of our writers within the set deadline at a discounted.. Why these methods Comment [A3]: I would suggest more development with explanations and specific examples for each methods Comment [A2]: Try to give more information in each method Comment [A4]: Just Quran. What about other subjects. Comment [A5]: Let me know who is this Comment [A6]: unclear Comment [A7]: be clarify teacher and varied depending on their knowledge and preparation. The techniques changed also because of the motivation of students, and their willingness to learn (Ahmad, 1989). In...
Attachments:Click here for more on this paper.......
1- You should improve and rewrite each section and give more examples and
explanation in each method.
2- Write the introduction section for your literature review and also conclusion
section.
3- Give definition in each method.
4- Give examples from the present in Saudi Arabia if you can.
5- Be objective in your writing.
6- I am Using APA style
Literature review
Methods of Education and Teaching in IslamClick here for more on this paper.......
In fact, in early days the purpose of education was to read the Quran. As said by Ibn
Khaldoon, a leading scientist in Islam (Subh, 1993, Vol. 1, pp. 356-357, 429): “The Quran is the
principle of all religious education,” including writing and reading (Subh, 1993). In Islam, the
education of young people has always been of deep interest. In the medieval and pre medieval
periods, teaching was through the conventional methods recitation was the basic learning style
and it was dependent on the teacher’s capability and pupil’s ability to learn. Further, memorizing
was the most significant feature of an Arab learning method. Indeed, Modern research declares
that methods of teaching depend on important criteria, for example, topic, teacher and scholars,
place of teaching and age of student.
Moreover, Az-Zarnooj (1947), a leading scientist in Islam, is of the view that teaching
methods were always different according to these situations. The methods were adapted by the
Do these belong
together?Click here for more on this paper.......
Comment [A1]: Give us one or two paragraphs
for the introduction of the literature review. Why
these methods
Comment [A3]: I would suggest more
development with explanations and specific
examples for each methods
Comment [A2]: Try to give more information in
each method
Comment [A4]: Just Quran. What about other
subjects.
Comment [A5]: Let me know who is this
Comment [A6]: unclear
Comment [A7]: be clarify
teacher and varied depending on their knowledge and preparation. The techniques changed also
because of the motivation of students, and their willingness to learn (Ahmad, 1989).
In addition, Az-Zarnooj (1947) is of the view that the teacher should be aware of his
students’ abilities and personality. He also announces that teaching children differs from
teaching the adults (Ahmad, 1989, p.114). Methods of teaching were derived from the Qur’an and
Hadith, which is the second resource of Islam. Az-Zarnooj recommends that teachers should Click here for more on this paper.......
preach with concern and watchfulness and advises
"I commend to you in the composing of your speech five things, if you are
obedient to him who makes recommendation to you meaning you well. Do not
neglect the purpose of the discourse, the time, its quality (how to speak, in low voice
or loudly, quietly…), its quantity (in condense manner) and its place” (Ahmad,
1989, p.114).
Furthermore, Az-Zarnooj states that young children are at the best age to be taught, and
the Qur’an is of the view that teaching should be in a constant and encouraging manner. It is Click here for more on this paper.......
believed by the Muslims that Prophet Muhammad (Peace be upon him) was sent as an absolute
example of a teacher, and laid the foundations of how teaching should be carried out. In fact, he
never emphasized a fixed style of teaching. An insight of several methods of education from the
Qur’an and Sunnah (Hadith) will be discussed. Methods like preaching and counseling or direct
commandment was teacher centered. These are oldest methods but still appear to be in use today
(Ahmad, 1989).Click here for more on this paper.......
Education by Preaching, Advice and Commandment
Comment [A8]: is this from Ahmad or AzZarnooj
Comment [A9]: Why all your paragraphs about
Az-Zarnooj . Try to find other sources
Comment [A10]: What is the difference
between this and preaching and advice.
Comment [A11]: You need to be objective of all
writing.Click here for more on this paper.......
Additionally, The Quran recommends preaching and advice. It strongly affects the child’s
religious, psychological and social view point development. Az-Zarnooj advised learners “Ask
advice in all matters and be firm and exert patience with his teachers” (Ahmad, 1989, pp. 100,
102). He is also of the view that “It is necessary to choose …to ask advice in all matters” (Ibid,
pp. 98, 100). He even suggests a series of instructions to the teachers and to the learners. "Know
that it is not obligatory for every Muslim, man of woman, to seek all aspects of learning, but only
that in keeping with his situation in life (‘Ilm al -Hal)" (Ibid, p.83). This suggests that teaching
was not only knowledge based but also has a moral and social aspect.Click here for more on this paper.......
Indeed, the Quran instructs about way of learning “God commands justice, the doing of
good, and liberality to kith and kin, and forbids all shameful deeds and injustice and rebellion.
He instructs you that ye may receive admonition”. (Qur'an: S.16; V. 90, Ali, 1946). Allah made
Muslims responsible for the children and the society to teach them well and forbid them from
doing wrong.Click here for more on this paper.......
Teaching by Repetition (Tikrar)
Moreover, teaching through repetition is also necessary. Allah’s (God) messenger
repeated the word thrice, so that it could be fully understood. In fact, Az-Zarnooj (1947) defined
this method as “TIKRAR.” Student should determine for himself the amount of repetition
required. Az-Zarnooj stated that "the pursuit of knowledge is among the most dignified, noble
and tough tasks" (Ahmad, 1989, p.101). Indeed, Islam has always used efficient styles to harvest
divine emotions and to train the mind of humans. The entire world benefited from the light of
Islamic culture during its age of succession and other nations were led by Islam because of its
authority of knowledge and ethics (An-Nahlawi, 1979 pp. 184-185). The educationalists must
Comment [A12]: Be objective
Comment [A13]: Give more example and
explanationClick here for more on this paper.......
Comment [A14]: Try to be objective such as (
Muslims believe that… or the Quran say that
Comment [A15]: Be objective
Comment [A16]: Need to develop it
Comment [A17]: This should be stated more
objective for non-Muslims audience
Comment [A18]: Students ….themselves
recognize this as being the most significant in the education of children, and organize the young
ones in such a way that their psychological and social development should elevate behavioral
and mental maturity. Click here for more on this paper.......
The Narrative Method
In addition, the narrative style consists of storytelling, and creating a long-term
intellectual impression on the learners. The Quran describes stories of apostles and their
companions. Allah (God) awarded his messenger Muhammad (Peace be upon him) the best
stories and Hadith so that people can have truth and lessons altogether (Ulwan, 1994, pp. 661-669). In fact, the purpose of these stories mentioned in the Qur’an is to draw the reader’s
attention. It is a tool to deliver the Islamic message in such a way that the learner can correct
himself in the light of these stories and elevate his moral conduct. An amazing feature of these
stories is that a teacher can explain it to different students with different mental levels and yet
reach a goal that is required.
The Dialogue Method Click here for more on this paper.......
Further, the dialogue method was used in the medieval age. This process triggers the
intellect of learners and their attention through the process of asking questions. Az-Zarnooj
describes “Suitability of questions (debate) and discussion is far greater than the repetition
method alone, as it has repetition but followed by another interesting element that is:
Questioning for an hour compared to a month of repetition has far greater effect on learner
(Ahmad, 1989, p. 140). More, Az-Zarnooj notifies that effectiveness of this method not only
depends on the involvement of learner but on the candid nature of teacher himself. To make the
Comment [A19]: Change of subject- maybe not
related here. Not directly related to repetition
Comment [A20]: Explain more
Comment [A21]: You need to be clarify
dialogues interesting Az-Zarnooj proposes several ways such as, developing interest and feelings
towards the subject by explaining the subject in an exciting and realistic way and tempting Click here for more on this paper.......
students to follow the dialogue so that he can himself conclude the lesson that is taught.
Indeed, Az-Zarnooj says that the questioning method is a way through which intellectuals
can be encouraged to enter Islam. As Ahmad, 1989 quotes "And certainly Abu Hanifa used to
study by asking questions and discussing them in his shop" (p. 143). He also emphasizes on the
debate method "You should discuss the subject in a way that you live your lives so that it may
benefit you in a way you want. It is important to gain knowledge through discussion, argument
and questioning” (Ahmad, 1989, pp. 138-139).
Teaching by Setting ParablesClick here for more on this paper.......
A parable is a metaphor, for example the mentioning of “Donkey” to signify an
unimportant creature which carries huge burdens (heavy books) but does not understand them.
This concept is used by the Qur’an to identify those people who give no importance to the signs
of God (Allah) spread all around them. Thus, live their lives in ignorance of truth even after
receiving the wisdom but do not understand. The Qur’anic description is: “The similitude of
those who were charged with the (obligations of the) law, but who subsequently failed in those
(obligations), is that of a donkey which carries huge tomes (but understand them not). Evil is the
similitude of people who falsify the Sign of God: And God guides not people who do wrong”
(Qur'an: S. 62, Ali, 1946). Az-Zarnooj took another example that is related to the medical
science, where he states: “The medical science study is allowed because of its accidental cause”
(Ahmad, 1989). In context of parable, he comments that "the Prophet treated himself
medically"(n.d.). The prophet (Peace be upon him) set himself as an example for his companions
Comment [A22]: Clarify the sentence
Comment [A23]: More specific example of how
dialogue would go
Comment [A24]: Too repetition
Comment [A25]: Make it clarify
and the generation to come after him till the day it all ends. The act of role model has its Click here for more on this paper.......
significance in the Islamic teaching ways, without it one cannot achieve the desired aims. The
Prophet (Peace be upon him) addressed people on their level of intelligence. This is what modern
education demands, to put the student in the situation and giving him the leading role. The course
set out for the students should be according to the needs and interests of the students, According
to Az-Zarnooj (1947), to achieve the aims, teachers should rely on the Qur’anic parables in all
situations and activities. This method has educational and psychological value, facilitating the
comprehension and training in a positive manner (Ahmad, 1989).
Teaching Through Practice and ApplicationClick here for more on this paper.......
Furthermore, Learning systems proposed by Az-Zarnooj (1947) has an important aspect
of teaching through practicing and application. The method of application helps learners to
enhance their ability to gain knowledge. This method is purely associated with the elements of
learning. Activities performed during the learning enabled learners to be motivated and give up
the laziness and boredom and lead to the aimed results. In some educators view, lecture should
be switched to exercises through which a large number of students participate and thus learn in a
healthy manner (Knowles, 1986, p.37).Click here for more on this paper.......
Quoting Abu-Hanifa, a leading scientist in Islam, Az-Zarnooj (1947) states, “the purpose
of learning is to act accordingly” (Ahmad, 1989,p. 91). This indicates that whatever a student has
learned, he should actually know how to apply in his individual and social life. The method of
Prophet’s teaching consists of practice and repetition. He used to pray on the platform and his
companions followed him thus, setting an example of repetition and a model of practicing
method. According to Hadith, the learner should repeat what he is told, so that it can be corrected
Comment [A26]: What does this mean
if there is a mistake. The responsibility lies with the teacher, that they should explain the subject
in an easy manner so that everyone can benefit from it equally. Therefore, the speeches of
prophets on Fridays were not long. Instead they consisted of short and easy words understood by
all. Click here for more on this paper.......
Teaching by the Dictation Method
In addition, Dictation is another highlighted method proposed by Az-Zarnooj. This
method of learning is stressed in more than one Hadith. For example, “It is better for someone to
educate his son than to give a measure of charity”. “The best thing that a father can give his son
is good manners”. “Teach your children and family goodness and give them good m anners” (atTabrizi, 1990, Vols. 1, 2). According to Az-Zarnooj, dictation was used as a learning tool in
medieval times. “I shall dictate to you what knowledge consists of. Since the educated man is
honored only by his knowledge and knowledge of the law is the most worthy of honor” (Ahmad,
1989, pp.128-130). The path to obtain knowledge is to have an inkstand ready at learner’s
disposal on every occasion, in order to write down the matter of scientific interest. He
emphasizes on taking notes rather than memorizing and this is considered to be a more
significant way of learning.Click here for more on this paper.......
Summary
In conclusion, the purpose of explaining all the Islamic methods used in medieval times
were to provide an insight into the subject area so that these methods could be used in modern
day times in public schools of Saudi Arabia.
Comment [A27]: Who is he
Bibliography
Ahmad, M. (1989).Ta'alim al-Muta'allim (The Instruction of the Learner: Method of Learning), Cairo: Click here for more on this paper.......
Maktabat an-Nahda
Al-Kahledy.K. (2010-2011).Education and Methods of Teaching in Islam in the Era of AzZarnooji available at: http://www.qsm.ac.il/ArbLanguage/docs/majalla/3+4/eng=2=kalid.pdf
An-Nahlawi, A.R. (1979).Usool At-Tarbiya al-IslamiyyaWaAsalibuha (The Principles of Islamic
Education and its Methods). Damascus: Dar Al-Fikr.
Al-Tabrizi, Waliud-Din (1990).Mishkat al-Masabih, Vols. 1, 2. New Delhi: KalanMahal.
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry of Education.(2006). Siyasat al-ta'alim. Available on-line via
<http://www.moe.gov.sa/>Click here for more on this paper.......
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia Ministry ofEducation.(2008). National Report onEducation Development in the
Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Riyadh: Kingdom of SaudiArabia Ministry of Education
Knowles, M. (1986). The Adult Learner: A Neglected Species. Houston, Texas: Golf Publisher Company
Ministry of Education. (2003). Chapter One: The Saudi Arabian Educational System. Available at
http://www.impact-se.org/docs/reports/SA/SA2003_ch1.pdf
Subh, M. (1993).Al-Tarbiya al-Islamiya (Islamic Education), Vol. 2. Beirut: Dar al-Jeel.
Ulwan, A.N. (1994). Tarbiat al-Awladfil-Islam (Educated Boys in Islam).Cairo: Dar as-Salam letTiba'ah wan Nashr. Click here for more on this paper.......
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